Cloth space time There is no doubt that this is one of the greatest challenges in fully understanding the universe. Among the thousands of phenomena that this term refers to, there is one that has caught the attention of scientists and art lovers alike in all its forms: Worm holes.
Due to the popularity they achieved, these unique events were cited in works Science fiction and in better stories of the universe than in articles of a purely scientific nature. However, its birth is entirely connected with science, and more specifically, with equations General relativity Einstein's. However, are they consistent with current theories? What is part fiction, what is actually science and what is real?
All roads lead to Einstein
To really understand the environment in which wormholes currently exist, it is necessary to go back Estate The theory that suggested its birth: Albert Einstein's General Relativity. In the first decades of the 20th century, it was a theory that proposed an entirely new view of spacetime. Gravity is not a force, but the curvature of the universe's own fabric. That is, he proposed that the more mass an object has, the more curvature it creates in space-time, and therefore, it attracts objects without the ability to create so much curvature.
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Thus, the theory of general relativity caused great surprise in the scientific community, which soon began to propose it. solutions Really new. In particular, those developed by Karl Schwarzschild and, later, Wheeler and Miesner, posited regions of spacetime connecting two distant locations. Hypothetical tunnel.
However, in those early theoretical developments, wormholes were nothing more than a mathematical oddity and their existence was widely viewed. Doubt For decades.
Now, in the middle of the 20th century, the physicists Kip Thorne and Michael Morris were able to refine these equations, proposing a more consistent model for those phenomena, which became known as “”.Morris-Thorne Wormhole”.
Although these were indeed significant theoretical advances, the viability of wormholes was still questioned. Inherent instability and theoretical necessity Foreign matter Keep them open. However, current research is more focused on reducing this problem and finding the right conditions under which its emergence is entirely possible.
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What is a wormhole?
Scientifically, a wormhole is identified with a hypothetical system associated with a space-time to which a topological multiplier is attached. However, since that sentence is a bit complicated outside of a technical context, we can define wormholes in terms of characteristics. The parts of the universe are located at a certain distance from each other.
It reminds me of a structure hole, where the entrance is connected to an exit, the tunnel acts only as a space-time warp. Also, theoretically, the A connection between two mouths The hole is made through a space-time bridge called the throat.
Schematic of a wormhole
One of its biggest problems, as previously expected, is the stability and dynamics of the hole. Domestically, mines are more subject to supply Fluctuations and disturbancesThis raises a serious question about their viability as structures that last over time.
In particular, the search for a solution to this problem led Many inquiries About the possible existence of an as-yet-unknown thing that could overcome these unfavorable conditions and keep the throat open.
But do they exist?
To be honest, until today No evidence found Known space-time presupposes the structures found in wormholes, so this is only a theoretical possibility. The relationship they propose with quantum gravity has not yet been established, and if that wasn't enough, its existence points to the origin of strange matter, an object with a negative density energy, unknown to date.
Now, it is true that there are some mathematical solutions that allow for the existence of wormholes. Without the need for foreign material, as proposed by L. Flamm, but this has not yet been verified. In turn, physicist Stephen Hawking has suggested in his theories that there are some anomalies that could prevent time travel through wormholes, giving rise to an idea known as cosmic censorship.
